ADVANCED TYPOGRAPHY - Task 1 [Typographic Systems & Type & Play]

31.8.2022 - 5.10.2022 (Week 1 - Week 6)
Loh Qiao Yin/ 0348923

Advanced Typography / Bachelor of Design in Creative Media / Taylor's University
Task 1/ Exercises
[Exercise 1- Typographic Systems]
[Exercise 2- Type & Play]


LECTURES

Week 1

Ad_Typography: Typographic Systems

Structural System (like 'shape grammars')

- Axial: Elements organised to the left or right of a single axis
- Radial: Elements extended from the point of focus
- Dilatational: Elements expand from a central point in a circular fashion
- Random: Elements have no specific pattern or relationship
- Grid: A system of vertical and horizontal divisions
- Modular: A series of non-objective elements constructed in standardised units
- Transitional:  An informal system of layered banding 
- Bilateral: Text is arranged symmetrically on a single axis

Week 2
Ad_Typography: Typographic Composition


Environmental Grid

Based on the exploration of existing or a few structures combined. Information is then organised around the super-structure.

Fig 1.1 Lecture slide, 11 September 2022

Week 3
Ad_Typography: Context & Creativity


Handwriting
- contributes to the first mechanically produced letterforms
Local movements and individuals
- Ek Type and Indian Type Foundry contributed to the development of vernacular typefaces in India
- Huruf, a local group of graphic designers digitizing and revitalizing typefaces in Malaysia

Week 4
Ad_Typography: Designing Type


General process of Type Design:
1. Research
- examine existing fonts for inspiration
- understand type anatomy/ terminologies
- know the type's purpose

2. Sketching
- traditionally/ digitally

3. Digitization
- Fontlab/ Glyphs App
- craft in Adobe Illustrator then import into said platforms

4. Testing
- refining and correcting aspects of the typeface

5. Deploy
- even after deploying, issues like teething might exist as they were not noticed during the testing phases. Revisions might still be required

Week 5
Ad_Typography: Perception and Organisation


1) Contrast

Fig 1.2 Devised by Rudi Ruegg, 5 October 2022

2) Form
Fig 1.3 Screenshot from lecture slide, 5 October 2022

3) Organisation
Fig 1.4 Gestalt principles of grouping, 5 October 2022
 


INSTRUCTIONS

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Task 1: Exercise 1 [Typographic Systems]

i. SKETCHES
Made 4 to 9 thumbnails of different compositions for each system. My motive is to grind out as many variations as possible so I can have a fresher idea and wider choices.

Fig 2.1 Sketches, 7 September 2022

ii. DIGITALISED SKETCH

Axial System
This system is the one when I have a hard time creating more unique ideas but it all turned out common. Thus, I just focus on adhering to the system correctly.


Fig 2.2 Axial system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

Radial System
Imagining rays of sunlight when doing radial system. This is when I start to focus on having more variations in the font size.

Fig 2.3 Radial system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

Dilatational System
Playing with rhythm.

Fig 2.4 Dilatational system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

Random System
Arranging chaos in a well-thought way.

Fig 2.5 Random system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

Grid System
The safest system for creating a composition, in my opinion. Not necessarily easier as more effort is needed to make it look interesting.

Fig 2.6 Grid system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

Modular System
Layout with a formula.

Fig 2.7 Modular system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

Transitional System
Playing stacking with words, creating a rhythm.

Fig 2.8 Transitional system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

Bilateral System
A spine with muscle supporting it.

Fig 2.9 Bilateral system tryouts #1, 7 September 2022

iii. REVISED CHOSEN SYSTEM

Axial System
Most of my texts are sitting on the left side of the canvas, thus, the circle is used to balance the composition. I was glad when Mr Vinod noticed that because initially I was worried that the horizontal line might be known as disrupting the axial system, making the design not work.

Fig 3.1 Revised axial system, 8 September 2022

Fonts:
- Serifa Std (56 Italic, 55 Roman)
- Univers LT Std (55 Oblique)
- ITC Garamond Std (Ultra Narrow)


Radial System
*deep inhale* This is not the design I showed for feedback. I was too hesitant with that choice so in the end, I decided to go with my gut feeling which is choosing this version. I did have some discussions with my peer for constructive feedback and the suggestion was to have the big circle from #2 at the corner, I tried but it did not work as imagined. I settled on this one instead.

Fig 3.2 Revised radial system, 8 September 2022

Fonts:
- Univers LT Std (73 Black Extended Oblique, 55 Oblique, 75 Black Oblique, 55 Roman)
- Gill Sans Std (Bold Italic, Shadowed)

Dilatational System

I was unable to figure out a unique composition I can do with my existing technical skills in Indesign. Hence, I at least try to have some variations on the thickness of the words and keep in mind the hierarchy of information by font size. 

Fig 3.3 Revised dilatational system, 8 September 2022

Fonts:

- Univers LT Std (85 Extra Black Oblique, 85 Extra Black, 67 Bold Condensed, 73 Black Extended, 75 Black Oblique, 57 Condensed)
- Gill Sans Std (Bold)


Random System

The idea came from me wanting to be a bit playful with my design concept. I purposely arranged the words in a way they are falling into a corner and just jumbling up. I limited the design to only one typeface as the focus should be on the idea itself.

Fig 3.4 Revised random system, 8 September 2022

Fonts:

- Gill Sans Std (Bold, Regular, Condensed, Light shadowed, Shadowed)

Grid System
The composition was somewhat inspired by how elevators work, one goes up and one goes down. I fixed some minor alignment issues and reduced the font size of am/pm. I was very focused on establishing the grid composition and put less attention to the variation of the font. This design is meant to be a simple one I guess.

Fig 3.5 Revised grid system, 8 September 2022

Font:

- Univers Lt Std (55 Oblique)

Modular System
The leftmost yellow circle is meant to be out of the canvas to avoid too much symmetry. The larger number of circles on the left part of the canvas is mostly balanced by the big black circle on the right.

Fig 3.6 Revised modular system, 8 September 2022

Fonts:
- Gill Sans Std (Light, Light Italic, Bold Italic)
- Univers LT Std (75 Black Oblique, 55 Extended Oblique, 45 Light Oblique)


Transitional System

The non-objective element (lines) on the top were removed after Mr Vinod's feedback. The bottom text boxes are not sitting on the lowest guide to avoid everything looking too heavy and 'sinking' at the bottom.

Fig 3.7 Revised transitional system, 8 September 2022

Fonts:

- Serifa Std (55 Roman, 56 Italic)
- Janson Text Lt Std (75 Bold, 55 Roman)


Bilateral System
Playing with shapes and negative space. I am more explorative with the main headline by including different font sizes by words in it.

Fig 3.8 Revised bilateral system, 8 September 2022

Fonts:
- ITC Garamond Std (Book Condensed)
- Futura Std (Heavy, Extra Bold Oblique, Bold, Medium)


iv. FINAL SUBMISSION 
Task 1: Exercise 1 [Typographic Systems]

Fig 4.1 Final radial system in JPG, 8 September 2022


Fig 4.2 Final radial system, 8 September 2022


Fig 4.3 Final dilatational system, 8 September 2022


Fig 4.4 Final random system, 8 September 2022


Fig 4.5 Final grid system, 8 September 2022


Fig 4.6 Final transitional system, 8 September 2022


Fig 4.7 Final modular system, 8 September 2022


Fig 4.8 Final bilateral system, 8 September 2022

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Fig 4.9 Task 1: Exercise 1 [Typographic Systems] in PDF, 8 September 2022

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Fig 4.10 Task 1: Exercise 1 [Typographic Systems] w/ grids and guides in PDF, 8 September 2022

Task 1: Exercise 2 [Type & Play]
Part 1: Finding Type

i. CHOSEN SUBJECT

I was looking around my house to find objects that I can see patterns of alphabet in. The creases of unironed shirt and the cluttery phone cables that annoys me became inspirations for my chosen subjects.


Fig 5.1 White cotton collar shirt, 10 September 2022

Fig 5.2 Loops of phone charging cables, 10 September 2022

ii. LETTERFORM EXTRACTION
Traced the alphabets I can see in Adobe Illustrator.

Fig 5.3 Traced letters, 11 September 2022

For the unironed shirt, I managed to see T, A, N, P, F, Y and V. The shapes are quite sharp and have a contrast between thick and thin strokes. For the looped cables, I traced out E, A, X, C, Y and V. They have a curvy look like an effect of being warped in a circle. The thickness of strokes is almost the same in an alphabet.

Fig 5.4 Extracted letterforms, 11 September 2022

iii. SKETCH & REFERENCE
Decided to go with the top ones (letterforms from the shirt) as there is more room for me to explore and I am usually inclined to like sharper strokes. In the 1st row, I mimic as much as possible the feeling of the original strokes while keeping letter proportion in mind. In the 2nd row, I tried to apply more consistency in the thickness of strokes and make the letters more balanced, especially in T, A and V.

Fig 5.5 Sketches for letterforms, 11 September 2022

A reference is required in developing our typeface and we are encouraged to choose it out of the 10 provided typefaces. I am going for a sans-serif font and Gill Sans Std seemed like a solid base for my typeface. 

Fig 5.6 Gill Sans Std as reference, 11 September 2022

iv. DIGITALISATION

Four attempts of digitalisation, without and with guides.
Fig 5.7 Attempts without guides, 11 September 2022

Fig 5.8 Attempts with guides, 11 September 2022

Attempt #1
Followed the original shapes as close as possible while mildly keeping in mind the proportion of letters by taking reference from Gill Sans Std. 

Fig 6.1 Attempt #1, 11 September 2022

Attempt #2
Next, I worked on making sure the letters are more well-balanced. Changes on the stem of Y, T, F, the apex of A and the bottom part of V can be seen.

Fig 6.2 Attempt #2, 11 September 2022

Attempt #3
It lacks a sense of refinement so I tried smoothening out the strokes but also not too much so the letters do not lose their distinguished look. The jagged part on the stem of 'F' was removed.

Fig 6.3 Attempt #3, 11 September 2022

Attempt #4
However, I still think that more can be done. Thus, I have smoothened the strokes even much more in this attempt. I am careful with the letter V as I do not want it to look like a 'U'. It is very difficult to make the 'Y' look balanced while maintaining its original extracted shape.

Fig 6.4 Attempt #4, 11 September 2022

v.  LETTERFORM EXTRACTION #2
After receiving my feedback, I started from a wobbly place as my extraction was not precise and there are more shapes that could have been extracted. I tried to be more precise this time.

Fig 7.1 2nd version traced letters, 14 September 2022

Fig 7.2 2nd version of extracted letterforms, 14 September 2022

vi. REFERENCE & DIGITALISATION #2

Fig 7.3 Univers LT Std (75 Black), 15 September 2022

Fig 7.4 Second attempts without guides, 15 September 2022

Fig 7.5 Second attempts with guides, 15 September 2022

Attempt #1- #3
Figuring out a proportion that makes sense and removing shapes/ strokes that look too harsh.

Fig 7.6 Attempt #1-#3, 15 September 2022

Attempt #4- #5
Balancing the thickness of strokes and standardising the slant direction of the letters to the right. Further smoothened parts that are too pointy. Made the stem of 'E' almost similar to the stem of 'F' in the last attempt.

Fig 7.7 Attempt #4-#5, 15 September 2022

Attempt #6
After feedback, I applied sharper points to some parts on certain letterforms as well as made a major makeover to the J that was deemed unsettling previously, due to the slanting and the weird-looking tail.

Fig 7.8 Attempt #6, 21 September 2022

vii. FINAL SUBMISSION 

Task 1: Exercise 2 [Type & Play]
Part 1: Finding Type

Fig 8.1 Compiled process, 24 September 2022

Fig 8.2 Original extracted letterforms vs final type design, 24 September 2022

Fig 8.3 Final type design, 24 September 2022

Fig 8.4 Letter E, 24 September 2022

Fig 8.5 Letter N, 
24 September 2022


Fig 8.6 Letter M, 24 September 2022

Fig 8.7 Letter F, 24 September 2022

Fig 8.8 Letter J, 24 September 2022

Fig 8.9 Type showcase, 24 September 2022

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Fig 8.10 Final Part 1: Finding Type in PDF, 24 September 2022

Task 1: Exercise 2 [Type & Play]
Part 2: Type & Image

i. VISUAL RESEARCH
Looking at the possibilities of intertwining text with image.

Fig 9.1 Image from graphis.com, 25 September 2022

Fig 9.2 Campaign poster by BikeNYC.org, 25 September 2022


Fig 9.3 Image by Alisa Checheneva, 25 September 2022

Fig 9.4 Image by Chris Labooy, 25 September 2022

ii. CHOSEN IMAGES
All photos were taken in Sandakan this year, during Chinese New Year. The lantern can be related to prosperity whereas the other two can be related to the renewal of life, both are themes for the Honours design competition.

Fig 9.5 Photos taken by me, 27 September 2022

iii. TYPEFACE EXPLORATION
Just slamming different typefaces on the images to see whichever suits the context and feeling.

Idea #1
I went with Century Schoolbook (Regular) because it has rounder and slightly thicker strokes which I think suits the shape of the lantern.


Fig 9.6 Typeface exploration for idea #1, 27 September 2022

Idea #2
I went with Kalam (Regular) as it has a handwriting style that can complement the organic shapes of leaves in the trees.
  
Fig 9.7 Type exploration for idea #2, 27 September 2022

Idea #3
I went with Century Schoolbook (Regular) because the strokes have a wavy motion to them which I think suit the motion of waves. However, I got a feedback afterwards that it is too decorative.

Fig 9.8 Type exploration for idea #3, 27 September 2022

iv. DEVELOPMENT

Idea #1
I changed the text layer to overlay mode to enable a see-through effect. Then, I used mesh to tweak the shape of the texts to fit the roundness of the lantern. I should have chosen the word 'culture' instead of 'prosperity'.

Fig 9.9 Progress of Idea #1, 27 September 2022

Idea #2
I tried to explore 3D effects in this idea as well as notice the direction of the light. I only knew afterwards that renewal does not directly mean nature.

Fig 9.10 Progress of Idea #2, 27 September 2022 

Idea #3
This was made with the roughen tool and some parts are erased to create the look of a bush. It was not easy to balance the tone with readability. 

Fig 9.11 Progress of Idea #3, 27 September 2022

Idea #1
I decided to progress with idea #1, change the word and create a shadow for the word to show that the lights are shining through the words embedded in the lantern. Both overlay mode and colour dodge are used in a low percentage amount. The shadow was created using gaussian blur.

Fig 9.12 Finalising Idea #1, 27 September 2022

v. FINAL SUBMISSION
Task 1: Exercise 2 [Type & Play]
Part 2: Type & Image

Fig 10.1 Final Part 2: Type & Image in JPEG, 5 October 2022

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Fig 10.2 Final Part 2: Type & Image in PDF, 5 October 2022


FEEDBACK

Week 5 [Ex2: Type & Play- Type & Image]
General feedback
- image needs to be an enhanced symbolic representation and don't be too literal
- think if you will use it as wallpaper or not
Specific feedback
- for Idea #1, it is not memorable as the context and word interplay are suffering, and the words embedded need more work
- for idea #2, the words are too decorative and the image does not show renewal

Week 4 [Ex 2: Type & Play- Finding Type] 
General feedback
- Shapes are overly rounded, less rounding in certain parts of the letterforms
Specific feedback
- The letter 'J' is a bit disconcerting, the tail needs some refinement

Week 3 [Ex 2: Type & Play- Finding Type]

General feedback
- The extraction of shapes from the source image has to be precise or else I will be starting from a wobbly place
Specific feedback
- The folds and creases are not extracted well
- The greyish area should be captured as well - The last attempt still does not look refined enough, it only looked more consistent in their strokes - Form is not representative, sharp points are too sharp and not characteristic enough
Week 2 [Ex 1: Typographic Systems]

General feedback - In some circumstances, the 'am' and 'pm' should be smaller by 0.5pt to avoid causing too much emphasis on them Specific feedback
Axial- interesting placement but the title should be right-aligned to follow the axis. The am/pm is jarringly big in order to make it more elegant, also move 'open public lecture' to the top left, doubling/tripling the spacing so it does not sink into other information Radial- Fine Dilatational- Fine
Random- Inclined to accept it and interesting
Grid- Good with exception of the widow on the bottom right text box
Modular- Acceptable
Transitional- Remove non-objective elements at the top
Bilateral- Has to be centralised Week 1 [N/A] Public holiday

REFLECTION

Experience
It is interesting to understand structural systems because I am able to imagine and associate them with certain patterns in my mind. I was initially intimidated by the number of systems and also it was tough for me to create unique ideas while still adhering to the systems correctly. My brain is smoking at the end of this task. In Exercise 2, it was plain torture to me. I admit that I got impatient with my own work and did not put much effort into my first attempt, which led to a poor work. I did not like my work on the first attempt either. However, after the 2nd attempt at least I felt satisfied with my work as it looks more decent since I put more effort into it.

Observations
Exercise 1 has a more complex theoretical material such as the structural systems. Most of the previous batch's work is much more complex and explorative than this batch of class including me (overall what I see during tutorial sessions). So much to learn from them. After completing Exercise 2, I subconsciously try to imagine an object that could have inspired a font whenever I look at it, or even try to imagine a font that can be created from any weird-looking object I see.

Findings
In Exercise 1, learning about the structural systems gives me a clear direction on which aspects I can explore when arranging texts to create different interesting layouts. A wide array of variations can be derived in each structural system, giving me a bigger room to explore all the creative possibilities while adhering to the chosen structural system. Able to design layouts with solid theories supporting the design instead of just doing it because I saw some designers post the idea on Pinterest and it looked nice. In Exercise 2, I learnt that if I get impatient and decide to just 'wing' my work, it will definitely show in my work how bad the quality is.


FURTHER READING

Fig 6.1 'Typographic Systems' by Kimberly Elam, 1 September 2022 

The usage of a literal circle shape in controlling the hierarchy of the text placement by placing emphasis and tension to guide the eyes. It adds an interesting flare to the composition.


Fig 6.2 The circle and composition, 2 September 2022

Usage of non-objective elements such as rectangular strokes, circles or tone. Play with the width, thickness, proximity and negative space would result in interesting compositions.

Fig 6.3 Non-objective elements, 2 September 2022

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